![]() The countries surrounding the Mediterranean in clockwise order are Spain, France, Monaco, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco Malta and Cyprus are island countries in the sea. The Roman Empire maintained nautical hegemony over the sea for centuries and is the only state to have ever controlled all of its coast. The history of the Mediterranean region is crucial to understanding the origins and development of many modern societies. The sea was an important route for merchants and travellers of ancient times, facilitating trade and cultural exchange between the peoples of the region. Its southern and eastern coastlines are lined with hot deserts not far inland, but the immediate coastline on all sides of the Mediterranean tends to have strong maritime moderation. The water temperatures are mild in winter and warm in summer and give name to the Mediterranean climate type due to the majority of precipitation falling in the cooler months. Also including longitudinal changes, the shortest shipping route between the multinational Gulf of Trieste and the Libyan coastline of the Gulf of Sidra is about 1,900 kilometres (1,200 mi). The north–south length varies greatly between different shorelines and whether only straight routes are considered. Its west–east length, from the Strait of Gibraltar to the Gulf of Alexandretta, on the southeastern coast of Turkey, is about 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi). It lies between latitudes 30° and 46° N and longitudes 6° W and 36° E. The Mediterranean Sea has an average depth of 1,500 m (4,900 ft) and the deepest recorded point is 5,109 m (16,762 ft) ☑ m (3 ft) in the Calypso Deep in the Ionian Sea. ![]() The two largest islands, in both area and population, are Sicily and Sardinia. The Mediterranean Sea encompasses a vast number of islands, some of them of volcanic origin. The Mediterranean Sea covers an area of about 2,500,000 km 2 (970,000 sq mi), representing 0.7% of the global ocean surface, but its connection to the Atlantic via the Strait of Gibraltar-the narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates the Iberian Peninsula in Europe from Morocco in Africa-is only 14 km (9 mi) wide. Geological evidence indicates that around 5.9 million years ago the Mediterranean was cut off from the Atlantic and was partly or completely desiccated over a period of some 600,000 years during the Messinian salinity crisis before being refilled by the Zanclean flood about 5.3 million years ago. The Mediterranean has played a central role in the history of Western civilization. ![]() According to Leth Agencies, 184 vessels were still waiting to get through on March 30.The Mediterranean Sea ( / ˌ m ɛ d ɪ t ə ˈ r eɪ n i ən/ MED-ih-tə- RAY-nee-ən) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant in West Asia. Two days later, ships waited as far as 100 kilometers (60 miles) from the canal entry. By March 27, the line of waiting ships stretched 72 kilometers (45 miles). The left image shows typical ship traffic in the Gulf of Suez on February 1, 2021. The VIIRS “day-night band” detects light in a range of wavelengths from green to near-infrared and uses filtering techniques to enhance dim signals such as moonlight, gas flares, and the lights on ships. The series of nighttime images above, all acquired with the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi NPP satellite, offers another view of ships waiting in the Gulf of Suez. It could take up to three days to clear the backlog, according to the Suez Canal Authority. Among the ships in the queue: container and cargo carriers, crude oil tankers, and chemical tankers. For comparison, the second image shows the area on March 11, 2021. On March 27, 2021, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8 acquired an image of the many ships waiting ships in the Gulf of Suez, the northwestern arm of the Red Sea. The company said that 154 were waiting to the north near Port Said 42 were in Great Bitter Lake and 171 were south of stranded ship in the Red Sea. As of March 28, the canal service company Leth Agencies reported 367 ships were waiting to pass through the canal. While ship traffic began moving through the canal again on March 29, it will take some time to clear the queue of waiting ships.
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